One Person Company (OPC)
An OPC (One Person Company) is a corporate structure that allows a single entrepreneur to run a business as a separate legal entity. This means the company is treated as a "distinct person" by law, keeping your personal savings and property safe from organisational debts and liabilities through limited liability. Unlike a regular shop or firm, it requires a nominee to ensure the business continues if the owner is unable to manage it. It is a professional and credible way for solo founders to scale their brand while following the official rules of the Companies Act.
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What is One Person Company (OPC)?
Why Choose This?
Limited Liability
Your personal property like your house or car are safe. If the business faces heavy debts, you are responsible only to the extent of amount you invested in the company.
Distinct Legal Identity
The law sees the company and the owner as two different "people." This means the company can own property, sign contracts, and have its own bank account. Plus, it can sue or be sued.
Perpetual Succession
The company lives on even if the owner is unable to run it. Because you name a nominee during registration, the business continues its legal existence without stopping.
Full Control
You are the boss and the sole decision-maker. You don’t need to consult partners or a large board of directors to make quick moves & decisions for your business.
High Credibility
Being a registered "Company" looks more professional to banks and vendors. It makes it much easier to get business loans compared to a simple shop or firm.
Less Paperwork (Compliance)
While it is a company, it has fewer rules than a Private Limited firm. For example, you are not legally required to hold an Annual General Meeting (AGM).
Registration Process
Get Your Digital Signature (DSC)
Since all forms are electronic, you first need a DSC (your digital thumbprint) to sign documents online securely.
Reserve Your Business Name
You submit your unique name choice through the SPICe+ Part A form to make sure no one else is using it.
Fill the Main Application (SPICe+ Part B)
This is the "master form" where you enter your address, director details, and apply for your DIN (Director ID) all at once.
File the Digital Constitution (eMOA & eAOA)
You sign these electronic documents that act as your company’s "rulebook," stating what your business does and how it runs.
Automatic Tax Registration
The system automatically generates your PAN and TAN numbers during this process, so you don't have to apply for them separately.
Receive Your Certificate
Once verified, the Registrar sends your Certificate of Incorporation, which is the official proof that your company is now a legal entity.
Documents Required
- PAN
- Aadhaar Card
- Recent bank statements of both the owner and the nominee.
- Utility bill (not older than 2 months)
- No Objection Certificate (NOC)
- Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
- Signed consent forms (INC-3 and DIR-2)
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, an OPC can be converted into a Private Limited Company if the business grows and the owner wants to add partners or investors. The conversion can be done by increasing the number of shareholders and directors as per the rules of the Companies Act, 2013.
Yes, even though an OPC has fewer compliances than other companies, it still needs to file annual returns and financial statements with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) every year.
Yes, the owner (member) of an OPC can also act as the Director of the company. In most cases, the single owner manages the company as its sole director.